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air conditioningsuppliers of air conditioning equipment like compressors, valves, condensers, evaporators and fittings.Last Build Date: Sun, 18 Dec 2011 08:53:00 +0000
A cool head in the car: dealing properly with air conditioning Tue, 22 Nov 2011 20:01:00 +0000 Previously, only the wealthy could afford an air conditioner in thecar. For up to the 90s gave the automaker's accessories primarily inthe luxury class sedans.Smelly smell coming from the air: The reason for this may be moisturein the heat exchanger - thus forming bacteria there. (Picture: Hella /dpa / tmn)Hanover - Previously only the wealthy could afford an air conditionerin the car. For up to the 90s gave the automaker's accessoriesprimarily in the luxury class sedans. That has changed.The advantages of the cooling air flows are also long been appreciatedby owners of conventional small cars. You can now afford the extramoney for little or get it shipped from the factory at no extracharge. But the obviousness of the climate system means that hardlyanyone cares anymore, how to maintain and operate.As a matter of course have become air-conditioning systems, thestatistics show. Were so equipped in the early 90s, only new cars inthe single digit percentage range, with the cooling system. "In 2008,90 percent of new cars have air-conditioning," automotive researcherFerdinand Dudenhoeffer from the University of Duisburg-Essen.The correct way so that is still not self-evident. The errors beginwith the fact that it is used only when it is hot and should berequested at the push cold air. Who operated the switch, but only onceevery blue moon, it must also expect to notice that only a gentlebreeze is. Because, according to Hermann Schenk of the Society forTechnical Surveillance (GTÜ) in Stuttgart: "An air conditioner shouldrun regularly." In extreme cases it can come in a long time unuseddevice otherwise damage the air conditioning compressor. The resulthas an expensive repair.Background is loud Arnulf Thiemel ADAC technology center in theBavarian town of Landsberg, the fact that the coolant in the system asa lubricant for the compressor cooling effect. If the air conditioningis not used, it may lack of lubrication. Any problems with thecompressor make itself felt in the form of a reduced cooling capacity.So it is advised despite the air conditioner switched not cooler inthe car, Hermann Schenk, turn off the system and to manage a workshop.In principle also states that an air conditioner in the car is nevercompletely sealed. It is therefore always lead to loss of coolant.Gero Eggers advised by TÜV Nord in Hannover, therefore, about once ayear to make a visual inspection to make. Air conditioning systemsvendors such as Behr Hella Service in Schwäbisch Hall also recommendto make a biennial air service. This includes functional andperformance test or the change of the refrigerant. "The liquid isrecycled here," says Hermann Schenk. Any contaminants such as oil andwater are removed, refilled the purified liquid again and lost thelot.A typical problem around the air conditioning is odor. The focus iscalled the heat exchanger. In it, the cool air is produced. Thecooling fluid cools the entire unit from the inside - the outside butthere is the relatively warm ambient air. This leads to the formationof moisture, which in turn is an ideal breeding ground for bacteria.These then provide for the annoying odor.A large part of the problem but can be used with conscious or non-useof air conditioning control. "It makes sense to turn off the systemfor about five to ten minutes before parking the car," advises GeroEggers. Then the wind while the remaining distance with airconditioning switched off the surfaces dry. The bacteria is removedfrom much of their livelihood, and the odor is largely prevented.But the correct use of air conditioning is not just about technology.So advise the experts on it, adjust the cooling to temperatures nearthe freezing point. "The temperature in the vehicle should not exceedfive degrees below the outdoor temperature," advises Arnulf Thiemel.For larger differences, including threatening a cold. Also causeconjunctivitis through the cold air from the nozzles may be theresult.[...]
A German consortium is looking for ways to exploit gas hydrates Tue, 06 Sep 2011 12:34:00 +0000 Energy from iceBy Wolfgang PomrehnWith complex platforms such as this, scientists from the seabedOn Friday, in Schleswig-Holstein state capital Kiel heralded the second phase of the project known as SUGAR, which will be several German institutes, energy companies and other enterprises embark on the search for new mineral energy sources at the bottom of the oceans. SUGAR is the abbreviation for the English-language project called "Submarine gas hydrate reservoir." In German, the project is a little more detail titled "Submarine gas hydrate deposits: exploration, extraction and transport," by which the project is already outlined in the significant. It is about the exploitation of specific methane deposits, which are frozen in connection with water in some regions of the world's oceans in the seabed. Methane is by percentage of 85 to 98 percent and the main component of natural gas, an appropriate infrastructure for its use is so far available. The amounts at stake are enormous. According to project coordinator Klaus Wallmann from the Leibniz Institute of Marine Sciences (IFM-GEOMAR) is expected in methane ice at the bottom of the oceans and the permafrost of Siberia and North America in about nine times more to be saved, as is expected in the world all conventional gas reservoirs. The thing has a big hook. The gas hydrates can not simply drill such as oil or natural gas fields. Methane is formed under high pressure and at low temperatures, together with a special water ice, in which each one methane molecule surrounded by a lattice of water molecules. The Kiel and its partners have worked in recent years including the development of appropriate techniques for exploring and surveying the gas hydrate. In the second phase of the project SUGAR want to search for suitable methods to free the methane from its icy prison. The researchers envision it, the methane from carbon dioxide to replace (CO2). CO2 from methane hydrate would say that, so Wallmann, even more stable than the original was. Are involved in the second phase project worth EUR 13 million in addition to scientific institutes, marine technology companies like Nautical ELAC of Kiel. Also on board are also BASF, Wintershall, RWE DEA and E.on. The motives of the participating companies are clear. The prices for mineral commodities of all kinds have risen sharply in recent years and researchers can find, energy companies and mining companies for new deposits. Even the crisis in 2008 brought only a short break price crash. A few months later moved back to the values and in the meantime to move the prices of ores and again, not least for the fossil fuels coal, oil and natural gas at record levels. The 159-liter barrel (bbl) of North Sea Brent crude oil costs, for example, despite renewed kriseln the economies on both sides of the Atlantic are still around 110 U.S. dollars. Even in the 1980s and 1990s the oil price as a result of economic shocks has declined much more durable and more. The high level of developed countries, despite the crisis of energy costs is a clear indication that, in consequence of too little explored deposits, the demand supply can barely meet. In the future, will therefore be worth more and more complex projects and perhaps also the exploitation of gas hydrates. Accordingly, next year will be led by the world's first two field trials of Japanese and American consortia. In Kiel, it is hoped to be able to start 2015, the first field trial. But what drives a geoscientist as Wallman, who has previously operated primarily climate research, to do so, to start a project? "We have long wondered whether we should open up the natural gas hydrates as a resource," said the chemist trained over agf, who directs the at IFM-GEOMAR Research Center Marine Geosystems. Ultimately, he and his staff decided on the project, "in the hope etwasfür climate protection" to do. That sounds contradictory at first, because ultimately produced by the combustion of methane, the greenhouse gas CO2. B[...]
air conditioning heat pumps Thu, 02 Dec 2010 15:03:00 +0000 High-efficiency pumps for OEM applications in refrigeration and air conditioning and heat pumps and heatingThe "Wilo-Stratos Pico OEM" the pump expert Wilo has its range in high-efficiency pumps for OEM applications in the refrigeration and air-conditioning and heat pumps for heating applications and is a particularly energy-saving model rounded. The electronically controlled wet-rotor pump has a very low power consumption in a compact design and is designed for a range of fluid between +2 ° C and +110 ° C suitable. It can also water-/glykol-mixes up to a ratio of 1:1 should be encouraged. The new high-efficiency pump is designed for heads up to 6 meters. The "Wilo-Stratos PICO OEM" consumed by a newly developed pump motor with "3-watt technology," only half as much electricity as required by the current best energy efficiency class A for heating pumps. This is the new high-efficiency pump - the manufacturer - with up to 90 percent power savings compared to the old unregulated pumps more efficiently than any other pump energy efficiency class A. A particularly wide application range also offers the developed specifically for the OEM market high-efficiency pump "Wilo-Stratos PARA. This can be realized heads up to 12 meters. The wet rotor pumps are designed for a very wide range of fluid temperature between -10 ° C and up to +110 ° C suitable. As OEM products, they can come not only in heating systems and solar systems, but also in the brine and heating circuits of heat pumps as well as in industrially produced air conditioning and refrigeration components are used. In cold areas, the "Wilo-Stratos PARA" effective against defects and failure protected by condensation. Motor and electronic module are thermally decoupled, so that there is no reflected moisture. The pump has a special flow labyrinth in which the condensate is discharged through openings provided for this purpose. A cataphoresis coating effectively protects against corrosion on the housing. In addition, the high-efficiency pump with the cold dam shell "Wilo-ClimaForm" be safe. This consists of a flexible elastomer material AF / Armaflex, which has a high water vapor diffusion resistance and low thermal conductivity. The shell system is prefabricated precise fits and encloses the pump housing without affecting the condensate drainage system in its function. The OEM high-efficiency pump Wilo are characterized by a rapid and reliable electrical installation, commissioning and operation particularly easy by the famous Wilo pumps "red button" feature. The manufacturer stresses that both series are already the most strict requirements of the 2015 second stage of the Regulation for glandless pumps under the European Eco-design Directive (also known as ERP / EuP Directive) requirements.
Air-Cooler Condensers Mon, 09 Aug 2010 13:12:00 +0000 In many process plants, the pump alleys are covered with forceddraft, air-cooled condensers. Dozens of coolers are arranged in parallel. I have seen services where 300 mm Btu/h of condensation duty was easily handled by aerial cooling. All these large systems had one problem in common. They all tended to have higher flows through cooling banks connected closest to the inlet and/or outlet headers. The higher relative flows were indicated by both higher air outlet and higher process outlet temperatures. The mechanism that causes this often-severe flow maldistribution is based on low-temperature dew-point corrosion, as explained below. Here is a rather common example, assuming that the main corrodants are chlorides, in a hydrogen sulfide–rich, condensing hydrocarbon vapor: 1. A small amount of ammonia is injected into the overhead vapor line to control the pH of a downstream water draw. 2. Vapor-phase ammonium chloride is formed. 3. Tube bundles nearest the inlet header tend to see perhaps 1 percent more flow than the tube bundles farthest from the inlet header. 4. Bundles seeing the lower flows have slightly lower outlet temperatures. 5. Lower temperature favors the sublimation of ammonium chloride vapor to a white saltlike solid. 6. This salt is very hydroscopic, meaning that it will absorb and condense water vapor from the flowing hydrocarbon vapor stream at unexpectedly high temperatures. 7. The resulting wet chloride salts are very corrosive, especially to carbon steel tubes. 8. A ferric chloride corrosion product is formed. 9. This metallic chloride salt then reacts with the abundant molecules of hydrogen sulfide to produce hydrochloric acid and iron sulfide. 10. The hydrochloric acid may then continue to promote corrosion. 11. The iron sulfide (or pyrophorric iron) accumulates as a blackish-gray deposit inside the tubes. 12. This deposit further restricts vapor flow through the lowflow tubes. 13. The reduced flow causes a lower tube outlet temperature. 14. The lower tube outlet temperature promotes higher rates of salt sublimation from vapor to a corrosive fouling solid. Meanwhile, the air-cooler bundles nearest the inlet header tend to see a greater and greater percentage of the total flow as the cooler bundles foul and plug. They tend to stay hot and clean, and those bundles farthest from the inlet header tend to run cool and dirty. It is a general principle of heat exchange that low flows tend to promote fouling and fouling promotes corrosion. The corroded, fouled heat-exchanger surface retards flow and creates a vicious cycle. We will see this problem again in shell-and-tube heat exchangers, as discussed in Chap. 22.
air conditioning system design manual Wed, 30 Jun 2010 10:55:00 +0000 (image) (image) The Air Conditioning design Manual was written to assist entry-level engineers in the design of air-conditioning systems. It is also suable -- in conjuction with fundamental HVAC&R resourcee material -- as a senior- or graduate-level text for a university course in HVAC system design. The manual was written to fill the void between theory and practice -- to bridge the gap between real-world design practices and the theoretical caluclations and analytical procedures or on the design of components.* Helps engineers quickly come up with a design solution to a required air conditioning system. * Includes issues from comfort to cooling load calculations. * New sections on "Green HVAC" systems deal with hot topic of sustainable buildings.
air conditioning toolbox manual Wed, 26 May 2010 12:07:00 +0000 (image) (image) For professionals in the air-conditioning and refrigeration installation and repair trade, this book is an essential toolbox guide. Covers compressors, controls, components, motors, pipe, tube, valves and fittings, whole systems, and ozone-friendly refrigerants. Describes physics of vapor-compression and absorption cycles, and operation and installation of complete systems.Complete coverage of tubing: choosing, bending, and installing. Full description of all popular metering devices and electrical and electronic controls, heavily illustrated. There is lot's of interesting information in this air conditioning manual. 20 pages of troubleshooting for vapor-compression and ammonia systems, metering devices, oil-control systems, for air- and water-cooled condensers, motors and pumps. Standard ACR procedures include draining and adding oil, system startup and cleanup, detecting leaks, recovering refrigerant, drying, evacuating and charging a system, and periodic maintenance.
Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Book Review Wed, 03 Feb 2010 11:38:00 +0000 align="left" frameborder="0" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" scrolling="no" src="http://rcm.amazon.com/e/cm?t=TorstenKnackstedt&o=1&p=8&l=bpl&asins=1428319360&fc1=000000&IS2=1<1=_blank&m=amazon&lc1=0000FF&bc1=000000&bg1=FFFFFF&f=ifr" style="align: left; height: 245px; padding-right: 10px; padding-top: 5px; width: 131px;">We are looking for a good book review on refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technology. Any good review of this book will be published here.
air conditioning compressors Wed, 06 Aug 2008 15:20:00 +0000 If you are a contractor or reseller interested into compressors for air conditioning, we may have what you are looking for. If you are interested, please visit air conditioning compressors.
air conditioning Sun, 11 May 2008 21:34:00 +0000 Looking for a supplier of your hvac needs in terms of equipment, components and spares? Just have a look at air conditioning ....
air conditioning Thu, 06 Mar 2008 08:37:00 +0000 information on suppliers of air-conditioning equipment and components. |
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